1. Report Overview
1.1 Overview of Findings: World Market Overview 2015 to 2026
1.2 Why You Should Read This Report
1.3 How This Report Delivers: Chapter Outlines
1.4 Main Questions Answered by This Analysis
1.5 Who is This Study For?
1.6 Research and Analysis Methods
1.7 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1.8 Some Associated Reports
1.9 About visiongain
2. Introduction to Parkinson’s Disease and its Treatments
2.1 What Causes Parkinson’s?
2.2 Motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease
2.2.1 Tremor: The First Sign of PD
2.2.2 Uncontrolled Muscle Contractions Cause Rigidity
2.2.3 Bradykinesia: The Most Characteristic Feature of Parkinson’s
2.2.4 Postural Instability Manifests as PD Progresses
2.3 Neuropsychiatric Symptoms are Common in PD Patients
2.3.1 Behavioural Deficits are Often the Most Widespread
2.3.2 Cognitive Impairment can Impede Daily Tasks
2.3.3 Autonomic Dysfunction: Another Common Occurrence
2.4 Other Symptoms Associated with Parkinson’s
2.5 Parkinson’s Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment
2.5.1 Diagnosis is Difficult
2.5.2 Treatment Options – Therapeutic Classes
3. Parkinson’s Disease: World Drugs Market, 2016-2026
3.1 Sales of the Overall World PD Drugs Market, 2015-2026
3.2 Parkinson’s Disease: Market Segmentation, 2015
3.3 Overall PD Drug Market: Commercial Drivers and Restraints
3.4 Dopaminergic Agents: Foundation of PD Treatment
3.4.1 Levodopa Therapy
3.4.2 Patent Expiries Affect the Market
3.4.3 New Levodopa Therapies on the Horizon
3.4.4 Dopaminergic Agents: Market Projections to 2026
3.5 Dopamine Receptor Agonists: The Leading Class in 2016
3.5.1 Dopamine Agonists: A Front Line Drug
3.5.2 Advantages over L-Dopa Therapy
3.5.3 Leading Drugs in the Segment
3.5.4 A Healthy R&D Pipeline
3.5.5 Dopamine Receptor Agonists: Market Projections, 2016-2026
3.6 Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT) Inhibitors: A Popular Choice of Treatment
3.6.1 Entacapone: The Leading Drug in this Segment
3.6.2 Commercial Scope for COMT Inhibitors
3.6.3 COMT Inhibitors: Market Projections, 2016-2026
3.7 Are Monoamine Oxidase–B (MAO-B) Inhibitors Better Than COMT?
3.7.1 MAO-B Inhibitor Therapeutics in the Market
3.7.2 New MAO-B Products in Development
3.7.3 MAO-B Inhibitors: Market Projections, 2016-2026
3.7.4 Other Therapeutic Options: A Growing Opportunity
3.7.5 Generic Erosion in the PD Market
3.7.6 A Broad and Diverse Pharmaceutical Segment
3.7.7 Other Non-medication PD Therapies
3.7.8 The Pipeline Offers Disease Modifying Potential
3.7.9 Other Mechanisms of Action: Market Projections, 2016-2026
4. Leading Companies in the PD Drug Market, 2016
4.1 PD: Novartis sales of Stalevo/Comtan
4.1.1 Market Forecast for Comtan/Stalevo, 2016-2026
4.2 Teva’s Azilect: Past, Present and Future
4.2.1 Market Forecast for Azilect, 2015-2026
4.3 UCB’s Leading Neupro Patch Drug
4.3.1 Market Forecast for Neupro, 2016-2026
4.4 Other Market Players
5. The Leading National Markets, 2016-2026
5.1 Regional Breakdown of the World PD Drug Market, 2016
5.2 The World PD Drug Market: Regional Forecasts to 2026
5.3 The PD Drug Market in the US: The Largest Single National Market
5.3.1 Market Projections for the US, 2015-2026
5.4 The PD Drug Market in the Five Leading European National Markets (EU5), 2016-2026
5.4.1 Market Projections for the EU5, 2016-2026
5.4.2 EU5 Breakdown by Country, 2016
5.4.3 Market Projection for EU5 Countries, Regional Breakdown
5.4.4 Germany: The Largest EU5 Market
5.4.5 France: Strong Healthcare System – What’s Possible There?
5.4.6 UK’s Spending Restrictions Affect the PD Drugs Market
5.4.7 Spain – What Effects Will Austerity Have on PD Drug Sales?
5.4.8 The PD Drug Market in Italy: Rising and Ageing Population
5.5 Japan has the Highest Proportion of Over-65s in the World
5.5.1 Predictions for Japanese PD Drug Market, 2016-2026
5.6 PD Drug Market in Emerging Countries: Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC)
5.6.1 Breakdown of BRIC Revenues by Country, 2016
5.6.2 Market Projections for BRIC Nations’ PD Drug Sales, 2016-2026
5.6.3 Brazil’s Rapid Growth of the Pharma Market – What’s the Future?
5.6.4 Russia’s Healthcare Market Gives Generic Sales Opportunities
5.6.5 India: Generic Manufacturers Seek to Dominate the PD Market
5.6.6 China’s Ageing Population Stimulates Sales of PD-Treating Medicines
6. Research and Development for Treating Parkinson’s Disease
6.1 New Mechanisms of Action in the Late-Stage R&D Pipeline
6.2 Growing Potential of Marketed Products: Phase IV Studies
6.3 Phase III Clinical Products Promising Potential in the PD market
6.3.1 IPX203 (Impax Laboratories): The New Generation of Levodopa
6.3.2 Newron’s Safinamide Expected Launch in 2020
6.3.3 Pimavanserin: A First-in-Class Treatment for Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis
6.3.4 Istradefylline: A Promising A(2a) Receptor Antagonist
6.3.5 Termination of Preladenant, APromising A(2a) Receptor Antagonist
6.3.6 Levodopa/Carbidopa Intestinal Gel (LCIG)
6.3.7 Can Opicapone Compete with Existing COMT Inhibitors
6.3.8 Pitolisant: Addressing an Unmet Need
6.3.9 Northera: Oral Precursor of Norepinephrine
6.3.10 Targin by Mundipharm
6.3.11 Nurelinfor Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia
6.3.12 SYN-115/120: Superior to Istradefylline?
6.4 Phase II PD Pipeline: Overview
6.4.1 Glutamatergic Drugs: Main Target for Pipeline Candidates
6.4.2 Fipamezole: Another Promising A(2a) Receptor Antagonist
6.4.3 CVT-301: A Novel Intrapulmonary Approach
6.4.4 DM-1992: Can Compete with Levodopa Reformulations?
6.4.5 The Accordion Pill Carbidopa/Levodopa by Intec Pharma
6.4.6 Orient Addresses Sialorrhoea
6.4.7 NH004: Formulated with a Muco-Adhesive Property
6.4.8 VR040: A Reformulation of Apomorphine
6.4.9 AVP-923: A Novel Approach for LID-PD
6.4.10 PD Giant Orion, Develop a New Levodopa Drug, ODM-101
6.4.11 News for NeuroDerm’s Reformulations
6.5 Phase I and Pre-clinical PD Pipeline: Overview
6.5.1 Vernalis’ A(2a) Receptor Antagonist Drug in Phase Ib/IIa
6.5.2 Sanofi Collaborates with The Michael J. Fox Foundation
6.5.3 UCL Show Exenatide Potential in Parkinson’s
6.5.4 Titan Pharmaceuticals Develop a Novel Platform
6.6 Neuroprotective Drugs Offer Hope
6.6.1 Phytopharm and Cogane Development
6.6.2 The Potential of Dietary Supplements
6.6.3 GCase Enzymes: Amicus and Biogen Strike A Deal for Parkinson’s
6.6.4 Research Finds Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) A Potential Cure for Parkinson’s
6.6.5 PD Biomarkers: Potential for Revolutionising Diagnosis and Treatment
6.6.6 Antibody Targeting: The Coming of Age
6.7 Gene Therapy: Promising Research and Technology
6.7.1 ProSavin: Leading Gene Therapy Product
6.7.2 CERE-120 Promises Repair of Damaged Dopaminergic Neurons
6.7.3 AAV-hAADC-2: Another Gene Therapy Contender
6.8 Parthenogenesis (International Stem Cell Corporation): A Promising Outlook for PD Technology
7. Qualitative Analysis of the PD Drug Market, 2016
7.1 SWOT Analysis of the PD Market
7.1.1 Strengths and Weaknesses in the PD Drug Industry in 2016
7.1.2 Opportunities and Threats There from 2016 Onwards
7.2 STEP Analysis of the PD Market
7.2.1 Social Implication of Living with PD
7.2.2 Technological Developments on the Horizon
7.2.3 Economic Pressures: Healthcare Budgeting
7.2.4 Political Issues: Patent Challenges, Data Exclusivity and Regulatory Pathways
8. Research Interviews
8.1 Interview with Dr. Russell Kern (Executive VP, Chief Scientific Officer): International Stem Cell Corporation, California, US
8.1.1 The Overall PD Market
8.1.2 Current Understanding of Stem Cell Therapy
8.1.3 ISCO’s Novel PD Programme
8.1.4 The Potential of Immune-Matching
8.1.5 The Controversy Surrounding Stem Cell Research
8.1.6 The Potential for Parthenogenesis in PD and Other Applications
8.2 Professor Jian Feng PhD, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York
8.2.1 A possible Cure
8.2.2 Future Potential: Research
9. Conclusions from the Research and Analysis
9.1 The World PD Market: Predictions to 2026
9.2 Which Therapeutic Class will Dominate the Market in 2026?
9.3 Disease Modification: The Ultimate Goal
9.4 The Future of the Industry and Market for Parkinson’s Medicines
Table 1.2 Currency Exchange Rates, 2016
Table 2.1 Overview of the Therapeutic Drug Classes for PD, 2015
Table 3.1 World Parkinson’s Disease Drug Market, Revenue ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), 2015-2020
Table 3.2 World Parkinson’s Disease Drug Market, Revenue ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%),
2021-2026
Table 3.3 PD Market Segmentation, Revenues ($m), Market Shares (%), 2016
Table 3.6 Formulations of Levodopa Therapy, 2016
Table 3.7 Dopaminergic Agents Segment Forecast: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 3.8 Dopaminergic Agents Segment Forecast: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 3.9 Overview of Therapeutic Drug Classes in PD Therapy, 2016
Table 3.10 Dopamine Receptor Agonists Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 3.11 Dopamine Receptor Agonists Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), AGR (%),
CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 3.12 COMT Inhibitors Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 3.13 COMT Inhibitors Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 3.14 MAO Inhibitors Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR(%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 3.15 MAO Inhibitors Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR(%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 3.16 Other Mechanisms of Action Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 3.17 Other Mechanisms of Action Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 4.1 Comtan/Stalevo Forecast: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), 2015-2020
Table 4.2 Comtan/Stalevo Forecast: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), 2021-2026
Table 4.3 Teva’s Azilect Forecast: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), 2015-2020
Table 4.3.1 Teva’s Azilect Forecast: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), 2021-2026
Table 4.4 Lundbeck’s Azliect Forecast: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%),
2015-2020
Table 4.4.1 Lundbeck’s Azliect Forecast: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%),
2021-2026
Table 4.5 UCB’s Neupro Forecast: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), 2015-2020
Table 4.5.1 UCB’s Neupro Forecast: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.2 PD Market Breakdown by Region, Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.3 PD Market Breakdown by Region, Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%),
Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.4 US PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.5 US PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.6 EU5 PD Drug Market Revenue ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.7 EU5 PD Drug Market Revenue ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.8 EU5 Regional Breakdown by Country, Revenues ($m), Market Share (%), 2016
Table 5.9 EU5 Regional Breakdown by Country, Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.10 EU5 Regional Breakdown by Country, Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.11 German PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.12 German PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.13 French PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.14 French PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.15 UK PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.16 UK PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.17 Spanish PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.18 Spanish PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.19 Italian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.20 Italian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.21 Japanese PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.22 Japanese PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.23 BRIC PD Drug Market Revenue ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.24 BRIC PD Drug Market Revenue ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.25 BRIC Regional Breakdown by Country, Revenues ($m),BRIC Market Shares (%), 2016
Table 5.26 BRIC PD Drug Market Breakdown by Country, Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.27 BRIC PD Drug Market Breakdown Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.28 Brazilian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.29 Brazilian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.30 Russian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.31 Russian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.32 Indian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.33 Indian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 5.34 Chinese PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2015-2020
Table 5.35 Chinese PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 2021-2026
Table 6.1 Late-Stage PD Pipeline, 2016
Table 6.2 Reformulations of Levodopa and Other Dopaminergic Agents in Development, 2013
Table 6.3 Phase II PD Pipeline, 2016
Table 6.4 Glutamatergic PD Pipeline, 2016
Table 6.5 Early-Stage Developments for PD, 2013
Table 6.6 Selected Gene Therapies in the PD Pipeline, 2015
Table 7.2 Parkinson’s Disease Drug Market: Opportunities and Threats, 2016-2026
Table 7.3 PD Drug Market: STEP Analysis, 2016
Figure 1.1 Global Parkinson’s disease Market Segmentation Overview, 2015
Figure 3.2 PD Market Segmentation ($m), Market Shares (%), 2016
Figure 3.3 PD Drug Market Breakdown by Segment, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 3.4 PD Drug Market, Drivers and Restraints, 2015-2026
Figure 3.5 Dopaminergic Agents Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 3.6 Dopaminergic Agents Market: Drivers and Restraints, 2016-2026
Figure 3.7 Dopaminergic Receptor Agonists Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 3.8 Dopamine Receptor Agonists Market, Drivers and Restraints, 2015-2026
Figure 3.9 COMT Inhibitors Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 3.10 COMT Inhibitors Market, Drivers and Restraints, 2015-2026
Figure 3.11 MAO Inhibitors Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 3.12 MAO Inhibitors Market, Drivers and Restraints, 2016-2026
Figure 3.13 Other Mechanisms of Action Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 3.14 Other Mechanisms of Action, Market Drivers and Restraints, 2015-2026
Figure 4.1 Revenues ($m) of Parkinson’s Drugs by Leading Company, 2013-2015
Figure 4.2 Orion’s Comtan/Stalevo Drug Revenues ($m) Forecast, 2014-2026
Figure 4.3 Teva’s Azilect Drug Revenues Forecast, 2014-2026
Figure 4.3.1 Lundbeck’s Azilect Drug Revenues Forecast, 2014-2026
Figure 5.1 PD Market Breakdown by Region, Market Shares (%), 2016
Figure 5.2 PD Drug Market Breakdown by Region, Revenues ($m), 2013-2026
Figure 5.3 US Over-65 Population as Percentage of Overall Population, 2015-2026
Figure 5.4 US PD Drug Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 5.5 EU5 PD Drug Market, Revenue ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 5.6 EU5 Regional Breakdown by Country, Revenues ($m), Market Share(%), 2016
Figure 5.7EU5 Regional Breakdown by Country, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 5.8 Over-65 Population in Germany as Percentage of Overall Population, 2015-2026
Figure 5.9 German PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 5.10 Over-65 Population in France as Percentage of Overall Population, 2015-2026
Figure 5.11 French PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 5.12 Over-65 Population in the UK as a Percentage of Overall Population, 2015-2026
Figure 5.13 UK PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 5.14 Over-65 Population in Spain as Percentage of Overall Population, 2015-2026
Figure 5.15 Spanish PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 5.16 Over-65 Population in Italy as Percentage of Overall Population, 2015-2026
Figure 5.17 Italian PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 5.18: Over-65 Population in Japan as Percentage of Overall Population, 2015-2026
Figure 5.19 Japanese PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 5.20 BRIC PD Drug Market, Revenue ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 5.21 BRIC Regional Breakdown by Country, Revenues ($m), BRIC Market Share (%), 2016
Figure 5.22 BRIC PD Drug Market Breakdown, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 5.23 Brazilian PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 5.24 Russian PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 5.25 Indian PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 5.26 Chinese PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2015-2026
Figure 8.1 Parthenogenesis Results in Cells Inheriting a Duplicate Set of HLA genes, which Reduces Immune Rejection
Figure 9.1 PD Drug Market, Overall Revenues ($m), 2015, 2020 and 2026
Figure 9.2 PD Drug Market by Segment, Revenues ($m), 2015, 2020 and 2026
